NFKB1 and atrial fibrillation: In this study, the above mouse model was constructed and mouse primary AF cells were extracted to explore: (i) the effect of mechanical stress on the expression of ANG‐2; (ii) the effect of up‐regulated ANG‐2 on the metabolism of AF ECM; and (iii) The role of the HIF‐1α/NF‐κB signaling pathway in the above process.