Chi Leung Chiang et.al concluded that EBV-DNA level, primary gross tumor volume (GTV), nodal GTV, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, platelet count, anemia, lactate dehydrogenase, SUVmax of the primary tumor and total lesion glycolysis were the most common non-TNM factors effecting prognosis of NPC in a systematic review48. Here, ALB is linked to anemia (phenotype).