TREX1 and rheumatoid arthritis: As shown in Fig. 2C and Supplementary Fig. 2A, silencing of TREX1 gene expression activated cGAS-STING signalling and further promoted the release of proinflammatory cytokines in RA-FLSs challenged with DNA fragments, whereas knockdown of cGAS significantly downregulated cGAS-STING signalling and suppressed the DNA fragment-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines.