Notably, senescent cells exhibiting the SASP phenotype can promote various chronic diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and neurocognitive decline, which are accompanied by the release of growth factors (such as TGF-α and IL-1), expression of transcription factors (such as GATA4 and NF-κB), and release of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and IL-8), proteases and matrix metalloproteinases33. This evidence concerns the gene TGFA and metabolic syndrome.