AdVAPOA1 intratumoral administration boosted the effector T-cell phenotype, including CD44 expression and IFN-γ and granzyme B production (Fig. 8c), and reduced PD-1, LAG-3, and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) expression on GL261 GBM-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (Fig. 8d). Here, CD44 is linked to glioblastoma.