Correspondingly, the content of ATG5 at both mRNA (assessed by qRT‒PCR assay, Fig. 8F, G) and protein levels (assessed by IHC staining and western blotting assay, Fig. 8E, H) were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues following the injection of Exo-Ts, which led to an enhancement of autophagy in tumor tissues. Here, ATG5 is linked to neoplasm.