INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Dixon et al.,74 in an earlier study of the Onduo VDC program, investigated changes in HbA1c among 740 T2D adults treated with basal insulin only, basal insulin plus noninsulin medications, and noninsulin medications.74 Participants were stratified by baseline HbA1c, >9.0%, 8.0%–9.0%, and 7.0%–<8.0%.