CD4 and AIDS: Both RKI (2001–2010) and ClinSurv (1999–2010) data indicated that older individuals (≥ 35 years), heterosexuals, and individuals from sub-Saharan Africa were significantly over-represented among patients who are diagnosed with HIV late versus early (defined as a CD4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/μL without clinical AIDS) in Germany, while men who have sex with men (MSM), individuals who inject drugs, and those located in big cities were under-represented (Fig. 2) [12].