TNFSF10 and neoplasm: In another study focused on evaluating the ability of hMSCs as ex vivo gene therapy for solid tumours, it was demonstrated that although the non-transduced cells have limited pro-apoptotic effect, TRAIL-transduced hMSCs were capable of inducing apoptosis of tumour cells (Loebinger et al. 2009; Lathrop et al. 2015; Guiho et al. 2016).