Furthermore, studies have shown that GCE can induce an inflammatory response, resulting in increased serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels (35); in contrast, HMGB1 inactivation or receptor blockade relieves epilepsy (36), suggesting that GCE may be alleviated by targeting IL12p70 antagonists or their receptors. Here, HMGB1 is linked to glycine encephalopathy.