In particular, the activation of TGF-β signaling in MSCs might be of interest, since TGF-β is both involved in fibrosis development and in supporting LSC persistence in CML, further tying fibrosis and LSC persistence together (Naka et al., 2010). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.