AKT1 and neoplasm: In addition, many studies have shown that TCM can also overcome drug resistance by regulating the tumor microenvironment (Hwang et al., 2012), cell cycle (Xie et al., 2016), hypoxia (Hussain et al., 2018), tumor stem cells (Wei et al., 2014), autophagy (Sun et al., 2017), key signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (Zhang et al., 2019), Hedgehog pathway (Sui et al., 2017), and others.