Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells also use this approach, with the goal of stimulating the immune response to eliminate the cancer cells.23 However, the degree to which immunosuppressive immune cells infiltrate a tumor and suppress or exclude cytotoxic CD8+ T cells exists in a wide spectrum across cancer.23–25 This serves to explain why ICB and CAR T cell therapy are ineffective against many solid tumors, and also why targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells such as macrophages in combination with ICB has become of interest. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.