IEIs includes STAT1 gain-of-function, IL-2 receptor common gamma chain deficiency, adenosine deaminase deficiency, CD40 ligand deficiency, and STAT3 deficiency, CARD9 deficiency, IFN-γ receptor 1 deficiency, RelB deficiency, and NFKB2 deficiency (Liu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022). Here, CARD9 is linked to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.