As an interacting partner with mitochondrial OSMR or CD147, NDUFS1/2 or NDUFS6 confers their individually roles in mediating oxidative phosphorylation related IR resistance of brain tumor stem cells (Sharanek et al., 2020), or in regulating complex I activity and apoptosis in human melanoma (Luo et al., 2014), respectively. Here, NDUFS6 is linked to brain neoplasm.