The same analysis was performed 11–17 days before NEC diagnosis with significant differences again detected for IL-10 (P = .0004), IL-13 (P = .0335), and IL-6 (P = .0122), with additional cytokines IL-12p70 (P = .0294), IL-17A (P = .0004), IL-5 (P = .0294), and TNFβ (P = .0066) also differentiating between NEC and healthy controls (Figure 2D). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and necrotizing enterocolitis.