Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, have completely changed the treatment of many cancers, including NSCLC, resulting in improved treatment outcomes for patients, especially those with positive PD-L1 expression who benefit more than those with negative PD-L1 expression (Sharma et al. 2023). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.