Using whole exome sequencing followed by functional analysis, Cho et al. [19] found that mutations in ATRX (ATRX chromatin remodeler) – a tumor suppressor gene – and ERBB4 (erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) – which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase in the epidermal growth factor family – can promote SCNECC tumorigenesis. The gene discussed is ATRX; the disease is neoplasm.