To define whether cleavage of VCAM-1 and NrCAM also play a role in human tissues, we analyzed the CSF of different patients with multiple sclerosis and age- and sex-matched, non-multiple sclerosis somatoform controls (table S1) for gelatinase activity (Fig. 7, A and B) and the presence of soluble VCAM-1 or NrCAM. Here, NRCAM is linked to multiple sclerosis.