Guanylate-binding protein 5 selectively facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome assemble with pathogenic bacteria or adenosine triphosphate stimulated in vivo cell based assay (Shenoy et al., 2012). Accumulative studies have confirmed that NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in the pathogenesis of several viral infections, and these viruses may also be able to target inflammasome to mediate their immune escape. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is viral infectious disease.