NFKB1 and malignant colon neoplasm: HEK293 cells and colon cancer HT29 cells that overexpressed the YBX1-S176A (serine to alanine) mutant showed a significant decrease in NF-κB activation ability compared to WT-YBX1-κB, confirming that Ser-176 phosphorylation activates NF-κB for YBX1-κB.