CCL2 and neoplasm: M1 macrophages demonstrate anti-tumor activity via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the secretion of chemokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2).