HLA-C and acute myeloid leukemia: This mechanism eliminates potentially harmful cells, highlighting the HLA-C/KIR2DS1 interaction in which their different alleles determine the level of tolerance or cellular cytotoxicity; this is very relevant in cancer typologies such as acute myeloid leukaemia in which the success of stem cell treatments depends on the histocompatibility of the allografts and the HLA-C/KIR2DS1 typology in donor and HLA-C1 in recipient generates a low relapse rate by inducing an anti-leukemic effect, while an individual homozygous of HLA-C2 poses a considerable risk (Venstrom et al., 2012).