In a model of rat MCAO, previous studies found that cottonseed oil treatment could alleviate ischemic stroke injury by reducing microglial and astrocytic activation and inflammation, which was related to the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway and the reduction of neurotoxic A1 phenotype astrocyte activation [167]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and ischemic stroke.