IL17A and irritable bowel syndrome: Although T-bet was found to be upregulated, its expression was not accompanied by an upregulation of any other genes related to inflammation, for example, IL-17 that has previously been associated with an increased dietary salt.54,55 Innate immune activation rather than overt inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of at least a subset of IBS patients, and our results are in line with this in patients with dysbiosis.33,56