CD8A and cancer: In this research, in the high-risk group, immune cells such as the B cells, CD8 + T cells, mast cells, neutrophils and NK cells, and immune pathways like APC co-inhibition and co-stimulation, CCR, and cytolytic_activity, were significantly decreased, which implied that decreased levels of anti-tumor immune cells or functions and increased levels of macrophages M2 contributed to cancer progression.