On the other hand, some studies showed that betanin, as the main beetroot pigment, increases the apoptosis in Ovarian cancer cell line (PA-1) and human glioma cells (U87MG) via the formation of intracellular ROS that leads to decreased mitochondrial membrane integrity and release of cytochrome c to the cytosol [60, 61]. Here, CYCS is linked to glioma.