NDRG1 and neoplasm: Tumour-like CAFs (tCAFs): We observed strong differential expression of proliferation-, migration- and metastasis-associated genes (e.g., PDPN, MME, TMEM158 and NDRG1) as well as stress-response-associated genes (e.g., ENO1), and GAPDH in a small cluster (n = 786 cells) (Fig. 2a, b and Supplementary Data 2 and 3).