Here, we further demonstrated that HCK expression was positively correlated with renal inflammation and/or fibrosis as represented by scoring of i + t (i, interstitial inflammation; t, tubulitis) and ci+ct (ci, interstitial fibrosis, ct, tubular atrophy) with HCK expression at 12 months post transplantation (Fig. 1A). Here, HCK is linked to fibrosis.