TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Compared to nondiabetic ASC/PBMC co-cultures, T2D ASC/PBMC counterparts displayed Lower expression of the anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and COX-2 and higher expression of the pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-ɑ, and IFN-ɤ), mediators, indicating an impairment of hASCs from T2D patients in the modulation of inflammation (Aliakbari et al. 2019).