ATF4 and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation: To address this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory relationship between OxPL and ATF4 in the development of CAVD, in hope of furthering the understanding of the regulatory role of OxPL and macrophages in the pathogenesis of CAVD, providing a new theoretical insight on the pathogenesis of CAVD and aiding in the development of more effective therapeutic targets against CAVD.