Immunohistochemistry (Fig. 9I; Additional file 10E) and dot blot (Fig. 9I; Additional file 10F) showed that the expression of TGF-β1, FAP, VCAN, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in BLCA tissues was significantly higher than in normal tissues, while the expression of E-cadherin in BLCA tissues was lower than in normal tissues. Here, VIM is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.