CXCR5 and epilepsy: In conclusion, our in vivo and in vitro experiments, which included behavioral experiments, in utero electroporation, cell culture, and electrophysiological experiments, demonstrated that CXCR5 deficiency during embryonic development leads to abnormal neuronal polarity, impaired neuronal migration, and increased neuronal hyperexcitability, resulting ultimately in increased susceptibility to epilepsy and seizures.