However, no significant differences were observed in the classical pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-12B, IL-12RB2, IL-2, IL-18, IL-18R1, IL-1R1, IL-1RL1 and TNFα, suggesting a unique profile of immune activation in newly active TB compared to uninfected controls (Fig. 4). Here, IL18R1 is linked to tuberculosis.