Moreover, by adding TGFB1 in the culture medium to simulate the impact of TME-derived TGFB1 on cancer cells, we found that TGFB1 could enhance the invasiveness and cell proliferation of ccRCC cancer cell (786-O cell and ACHN cell) and abrogate the impact of Sunitinib on ccRCC cancer cells (Fig. 6m, n and Supplementary Fig. 10i). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.