Given that aCD3 treatment induces transient lymphopenia affecting preferentially CD4+ vs. CD8+ T cells, both in patients with type 1 diabetes [13] and in preclinical models [27], and increases proportions of circulating antigen-experienced CD8+ T-cell subsets in patients with type 1 diabetes [13], we hypothesized that aCD3 treatment may spare CXCR3 autoreactive T cells. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.