In an observational study involving the effect of anti-TNF therapy on cardiac function in rheumatoid arthritis (where HFpEF is more prevalent), it was found that anti-TNF alpha therapy was not associated with a worsening of cardiac function and in fact was associated with a 23% decrease in NT-proBNP after 6 months (143). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.