- Improves hyperglycemia and hIR: ↑p-AKT, ↓ G6P and PEPCK expression, ↓hepatic gluconeogenesis, and ↑glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity; Improves dyslipidemia and inflammation: ↓proinflammatory interleukin levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic syndrome.