DPP4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Pathways linked with disturbed metabolism, that are also specifically linked with obesity, were also identified, such AGE/RAGE (42) and interestingly we report a significant increase in a gene called dipepidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), inhibition of which in mice demonstrates a role in immune regulation, and metabolism with obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation (43): DDP-4 inhibitors are being used safely in current on-going clinical trials, particularly for those with type 2 diabetes (44).