We recently showed that autoimmune/inflammatory dysregulation contributed to excess adiposity in a patient with ROHHAD, as treatment with rituximab, an antibody used to combat whole body inflammation, associated with adiposity, and raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, significantly reduced their serum levels of IL-6 and the patient's weight (34). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is rapid-onset childhood obesity-hypothalamic dysfunction-hypoventilation-autonomic dysregulation syndrome.