IL6 and Sepsis: B7–H1 deficiency and PD-1 deficiency were also compared to have similar effect of partially reversing the macrophages’ production of IL-6 and IL-10 ex vivo during sepsis; but unlike PD-1 deficiency, B7–H1 deficiency was shown unable to reverse the macrophage phagocytic function; and B7–H1 deficiency was shown no effect on the high expression of PD-1 on peritoneal macrophages and peripheral monocytes during sepsis [22].