MAP3K1 and diabetes mellitus: S-glutathionylation has also been described for other downstream effectors of insulin signaling pathways, PI3K-Akt, Ras-MEKK1 (e.g. PTEN, IKKβ, NFκB, MEKK1, etc.)during the development of diabetes and some diabetic models (more in (67)), reducing their activity (Figure 2).