Klotho protein protects the kidney by regulating the expression of fibrinogen and prevents renal fibrosis by inhibiting profibrotic signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin (115, 116). Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.