In STZ-induced DKD mice, lncRNA NR_038323 may interact with miR-324-3p, which upregulates the expression of dual-specificity protein phosphatase-1 (DUSP1), downregulates the expression of collagen I, collagen IV and fibronectin, and significantly improves renal fibrosis and glomerular hypertrophy (147). Here, FN1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.