Other molecular forms of PSA and their ratios, namely free PSA and percent free PSA, proenzyme PSA (proPSA), its derivatives, and the prostate health index, as well as PSA derived-parameters and kinetics (PSA-density, PSA-velocity and PSA-doubling time), have been developed and tested, aiming to improve the specificity of the assays for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and for the differentiation between indolent and aggressive prostate cancers. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.