This is substantiated by the relative up-regulation of an endothelial-specific gene set,47 that we have refined to remove mesenchymal genes used to implicate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition,48 in non-NE vs NE cells (Fig. 4D and Supplementary Table 6), also in keeping with VM-competent cells in breast and other tumor types,46 and the up-regulation of functional vascular protubulogenic genes (e.g. VEGFC, FLT1, ESM1, TIE1, TEK, CD34) and blood coagulation cascade genes (e.g. TFPI, TFPI2, THBD, SERPINE1/2, PLAU) in the non-NE cells (Supplementary Table 6). This evidence concerns the gene ESM1 and neoplasm.