ITGAE and neoplasm: Of note, pre-clinical evidence shows that agonism of stimulator of interferon response cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) interactor 1 (STING) or Toll-like receptors (TLR) enhance the levels and functions of CD103+ DCs, which are the ones responsible for transporting intact antigens to the lymph nodes and priming tumour-specific CD8 + T cells [108–110].