CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In a subset of 21 NSCLC samples at DFCI, we observed that tumors that experienced mPFS longer than 6 months (N = 13) were significantly enriched in intratumoral PD-1 + CD8 + T cells (48 vs 4 cells/mm2, P = 0.01), PD-1 + immune cells (137 vs 15 cells/mm2, P = 0.04), and PD-L1 positivity on immune cells (12% vs 1%, P = 0.04) compared to tumors that progressed earlier (N = 8).