We investigated activation of these pathways in Adh ALL cells by measuring expression of the main executor protein of each pathway: β-catenin (WNT signaling), cleaved NOTCH1 (NOTCH1 signaling), phosphorylated SMAD3 (pSMAD3) (TGFβ signaling), pNF-κB p65 (RTK signaling), pSTAT3 (cytokine signaling), and pSMAD1/5/8 (BMP signaling). Here, SMAD3 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.