As an immunomodulator, CQ is also recommended for the treatment of lupus nephritis, and a mechanistic study revealed that CQ acts on the innate immune system by blocking toll like receptor signaling and reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.[42] Hence, whether USP13 plays an important role in CQ's treatment of lupus nephritis deserves future work. The gene discussed is USP13; the disease is lupus nephritis.