Several molecular events indicating induction of ER stress after global brain ischemia were documented, e.g. post-ischemic phosphorylation of eIF2α [71, 72], expression of CHOP [60, 73–75] and ATF4 [72, 75, 76] or splicing of XBP1 [74]. The gene discussed is XBP1; the disease is brain ischemia.