Interestingly, in contrast to the reported associations between a type 2 diabetes PRS and DKD, there was little evidence to support the causal effects of a PRS for several glycaemic traits, including levels of fasting insulin, fasting glucose, glucose at 2 h into an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting proinsulin, HbA1c, HOMA-B, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and insulin-like growth factor I, on CKD and eGFR in individuals with or without diabetes [36]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is chronic kidney disease.