S100a proteins are involved in the transition from steatosis to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [120-122], positive association of S100A11 with disease progression in a tree shrew NAFLD model promoting hepatic lipid accumulation [120], S100a10 is upregulated in hepatic steatosis and downregulated through dietary intervention normalizing the metabolic dysregulation in mice [117],. Here, S100A1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.